PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.